Average Temperatures in March
March in Estonia is still a cold month, marking the end of winter and the start of spring. The weather is unpredictable, with lingering winter conditions, but also hints of warmer temperatures toward the end of the month. Daytime temperatures gradually rise, but chilly winds and frequent changes in weather patterns can still make March a somewhat harsh month for travelers.
Coastal Areas
In coastal cities like Tallinn, Pärnu, and Narva, the temperatures are somewhat milder than in the inland regions. During the day, temperatures typically range from -2°C to 3°C (28°F to 37°F). Even in the late mornings and afternoons, the temperature can struggle to rise above freezing, and evening temperatures often drop below -3°C (27°F). Coastal winds tend to make the air feel colder than it is, and snow can still accumulate in these areas. The freezing temperatures gradually ease toward the end of the month as the first signs of spring appear.
Inland Areas
In the inland regions of Estonia, such as Tartu and Viljandi, temperatures are colder than in the coastal areas. The daytime temperatures in March typically range from -5°C to -1°C (23°F to 30°F). Nights can be especially cold, with temperatures dipping to -10°C to -5°C (14°F to 23°F) in some inland areas. Snow is more common in these regions, and the transition from winter to spring may not be as pronounced as along the coast.
The Northern Regions
Northern Estonia, including areas like Hiiumaa and Saaremaa, experiences a maritime climate, so the temperatures are milder compared to the rest of the inland areas. However, the weather can still be chilly, with highs between -3°C and 2°C (27°F to 36°F) and lows often falling to -6°C to -3°C (21°F to 27°F). These regions still experience snowstorms and have higher chances of lingering snowpack throughout the month, but the cold doesn’t last as long as in the interior.
Precipitation Levels
March is a transition month for precipitation in Estonia, with snow still being common in the early part of the month but gradually being replaced by rain as temperatures warm. Estonia’s location on the edge of Northern Europe means that its precipitation patterns can be somewhat unpredictable. Overall, the precipitation levels are moderate during this time.
Snowfall
The likelihood of snow decreases as the month progresses, but snow is still a regular feature during the first two-thirds of March. On average, snow accumulation ranges from 10mm to 25mm in coastal cities, while inland areas may receive slightly more, with accumulation reaching up to 40mm. The snow can fall intermittently, often accompanied by windy conditions.
In the coastal regions, snow is generally lighter, while inland areas experience heavier, more persistent snow. However, by the last third of March, the frequency of snow decreases, and the focus shifts more toward rain.
Rainfall
By the end of March, rain starts to replace snow, especially in the coastal regions. Tallinn and other coastal areas see an average rainfall of around 30mm to 50mm. This is still relatively light compared to Estonia’s summer months, but it can lead to muddy conditions, particularly in rural areas or places with higher snow melt. March is considered a transitional period where both rain and snow can occur on the same day.
Rain vs. Snow
During the early part of March, snow is more common, especially in the interior regions. However, in the latter part of the month, the likelihood of rain increases, and temperatures hover around freezing, making mixed precipitation (snow turning to rain or sleet) a common feature.
Wind Patterns
Wind plays a crucial role in Estonia’s March weather. Estonia is situated on the edge of the Baltic Sea, and coastal winds can be intense and cold during March, contributing to the chilly atmosphere of the month. Winds are typically coming from the west or northwest and can reach speeds of 20 km/h to 35 km/h (12 mph to 22 mph). On particularly stormy days, wind gusts can reach up to 50 km/h (31 mph).
Coastal Areas
Along the coast, the winds tend to be stronger due to the influence of the Baltic Sea. Wind speeds are generally higher, and gusts can make the already low temperatures feel even colder. Coastal cities like Tallinn, Pärnu, and Narva can expect wind gusts of up to 40 km/h (25 mph), with the wind chill making the temperature feel significantly colder.
Inland Areas
In inland areas, such as Tartu and Viljandi, the winds are generally milder compared to the coast. Wind speeds typically range from 15 km/h to 25 km/h (9 mph to 15 mph). However, wind gusts can still cause discomfort when temperatures are at their lowest, especially in the early part of March.
Atmospheric Pressure
In March, Estonia generally experiences fluctuating atmospheric pressure as various low-pressure systems move through the region. These systems bring cloudy weather, precipitation, and occasional storms, leading to fluctuations in temperature and wind patterns. The pressure tends to be low during periods of precipitation and high during the days of clearer skies.
The average atmospheric pressure in March is around 1010 hPa to 1020 hPa. However, during periods of stormy weather, pressure can drop as low as 1000 hPa, leading to heavy snow or rain.
Historical Temperature and Precipitation Trends
The following table outlines the average temperatures and precipitation levels in Estonia during March over the past 10 years. This data offers insight into the weather patterns of the month and allows travelers to better anticipate conditions.
| Year | Highest Temp. (°C) | Lowest Temp. (°C) | Precipitation (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 2 | -7 | 45 |
| 2016 | 3 | -6 | 55 |
| 2017 | 1 | -8 | 40 |
| 2018 | 2 | -5 | 50 |
| 2019 | 4 | -4 | 60 |
| 2020 | 3 | -6 | 48 |
| 2021 | 2 | -7 | 40 |
| 2022 | 3 | -5 | 45 |
| 2023 | 3 | -6 | 52 |
| 2024 | 2 | -5 | 50 |
Things to Consider When Traveling to Estonia in March
1. Cold and Unpredictable Weather
March is a transitional month, and travelers should prepare for a wide range of weather conditions. It’s still winter in many parts of Estonia, especially in the inland regions, so the temperatures can be quite cold, with occasional snow. The weather can change rapidly, with periods of sunshine, snow, and rain all occurring within a single day. Travelers should be prepared for sudden drops in temperature, particularly during the early mornings and evenings.
2. Packing for Varied Conditions
Given the chilly and unpredictable nature of March weather in Estonia, it’s essential to pack for a range of conditions. Layering is key, as you will need to adjust to fluctuating temperatures throughout the day. Warm, insulated clothing is necessary, including a winter jacket, scarves, gloves, and hats. Additionally, waterproof clothing and boots will help you navigate through snow or slushy conditions. Don’t forget an umbrella for the rainy days.
3. Daylight Hours
In March, daylight hours in Estonia begin to lengthen, but the days are still relatively short. The sun rises around 7:30 AM and sets by 6:30 PM, giving travelers roughly 11 hours of daylight to explore. Keep this in mind when planning activities, as outdoor adventures may need to be timed carefully to make the most of daylight.
4. Snow and Ice Hazards
Snow and ice can still be prevalent in March, particularly in inland areas. Walking on icy sidewalks or unshoveled streets can be hazardous. It’s important to wear sturdy, non-slip shoes or boots to avoid slipping, especially when exploring Tallinn’s cobblestone streets or venturing into the countryside.
5. Prepare for Muddy Conditions
In areas where snow has melted, the ground can become muddy and slippery. This can affect walking trails and paths in rural areas. If planning to visit national parks or nature reserves, make sure to wear waterproof shoes and clothing that can handle muddy conditions.
6. Travel Insurance
Due to the possibility of sudden weather changes and delays caused by snowstorms or heavy rain, it’s advisable to have travel insurance that covers weather-related disruptions. This can help cover any changes to travel plans, such as flight cancellations or road closures.
Things to Do in Estonia in March
1. Explore Tallinn’s Old Town
Tallinn’s medieval Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage site, and in March, it is less crowded than during the summer months, providing a more peaceful experience. The cobblestone streets, ancient architecture, and stunning city views are best explored during this time, with the cool temperatures making it perfect for wandering around without the summer crowds. Many cafés and shops stay open during March, providing travelers with plenty of options for warming up.
2. Visit Tallinn’s Museums and Cultural Sites
In March, the weather can make outdoor sightseeing less enjoyable, so it’s a great time to explore Estonia’s rich history and culture indoors. Tallinn’s museums, such as the Estonian History Museum and the Kumu Art Museum, offer a fascinating insight into the country’s past and artistic heritage. Visitors can also explore Kadriorg Palace and its surrounding park, a beautiful area with both cultural and historical significance.
3. Explore National Parks and Nature Reserves
Estonia’s national parks, including Lahemaa National Park, offer picturesque landscapes, beautiful forests, and historical manors. In March, the weather may not be ideal for long hikes, but it’s an excellent time for shorter walks, wildlife watching, or photography. Many of the parks are still covered in snow, adding a magical quality to the scenery.
4. Go Skiing or Snowboarding
For winter sports enthusiasts, Estonia’s ski resorts, including Otepää and Kuutsemäe, are open for skiing and snowboarding throughout March. While snow conditions may vary, these resorts offer opportunities for skiing, snowshoeing, and snowboarding, with fewer crowds compared to the peak winter months. The winter landscapes in these areas can be beautiful and peaceful in March.
5. Relax in a Traditional Estonian Sauna
March is an ideal month to enjoy the warmth and comfort of an Estonian sauna. Many guesthouses, resorts, and spas in Estonia offer traditional saunas, often paired with a relaxing soak in hot tubs. Sauna culture is an integral part of Estonian heritage, and a visit to one is a perfect way to relax after a cold day of sightseeing.
6. Enjoy the Spring Festival
March marks the start of the spring festival season in Estonia. Various events, concerts, and cultural activities take place during the month to celebrate the coming of spring. Tallinn and other cities host events, including traditional folk music and dance performances. The spring festivals provide a great opportunity to experience Estonian culture at its liveliest.
7. Taste Estonian Cuisine
Estonian cuisine is hearty and flavorful, perfect for the chilly March weather. Visitors can enjoy dishes such as black bread, potato salad, elk stew, and the ever-popular smoked fish. Many restaurants and cafés in Tallinn and other cities offer traditional Estonian dishes, making it the perfect time to indulge in local flavors.